I-Fiber to the Home (FTTH) isiqalile ukuthathwa ngokungathi sína yizinkampani zokuxhumana
Emhlabeni wonke, okuvumela ubuchwepheshe ukuthi buthuthuke ngokushesha. Amanethiwekhi asebenzayo e-optical (AON) kanye namanethiwekhi angasebenzi e-optical (PON) yizinhlelo ezimbili ezinkulu ezenza ukuxhumana kwe-FTTH broadband kube nokwenzeka. Ama-PON anganikeza izixazululo ezingabizi kakhulu atholakala kakhulu ezindaweni eziningi zokusetshenziswa kwe-FTTH. I-ABC ye-PON izokwethulwa kulesi sihloko, esihilela kakhulu izingxenye eziyisisekelo kanye nobuchwepheshe obuhlobene okuhlanganisa i-OLT, i-ONT, i-ONU, kanye ne-ODN.
Incazelo ye-PON: Incazelo, Amazinga kanye Nezinzuzo
Inethiwekhi ye-optical engasebenzi ibhekisela kunethiwekhi ye-fiber-optic esebenzisa i-topology ye-point-to-multipoint kanye ne-optical splitters ukuletha idatha kusuka endaweni eyodwa yokudlulisela kuya kuma-endpoints abasebenzisi abaningi. Ngokungafani ne-AON, amakhasimende amaningi axhunywe ku-transceiver eyodwa ngokusebenzisa umuthi we-branching we-fibers kanye ne-passive splitter/combiner units, esebenza ngokuphelele kusizinda se-optical futhi ngaphandle kwamandla kusakhiwo se-PON. Kunezindinganiso ezimbili ezinkulu ze-PON zamanje: I-Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) kanye ne-Ethernet Passive Optical Network (EPON). Izakhiwo zabo ze-topology ziyafana. Njengokukhetha kokuqala ezimweni eziningi zokufakwa kwe-FTTH, ikhambi le-PON linezinzuzo eziningana ezivelele:
Ukusetshenziswa Kwamandla Okuphansi
Isikhala Esingadingeki Kancane
I-bandwidth Ephakeme
Ukuphepha Okuphezulu
Kulula Ukuyifaka Nokunweba
Izindleko Zokusebenza Nokuphatha Ezincishisiwe
Isakhiwo se-PON kanye Nezingxenye
Kuhlelo lwe-Gigabit Ethernet Passive Optical Network (GEPON), kune-optical line terminal (OLT) ehhovisi eliphakathi lomhlinzeki wesevisi kanye nenani lama-optical network units (ONUs) noma ama-optical network terminals (ONTs) aseduze kwabasebenzisi bokugcina, kanye ne-optical splitter (SPL). Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-optical distribution network (ODN) nayo isetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokudluliselwa phakathi kwe-OLT ne-ONU/ONT.
Itheminali Yomugqa Obonakalayo (i-OLT)
I-OLT iyindawo yokuqala yenethiwekhi ye-optical engasebenzi, exhunywe ku-core switch ngezintambo ze-Ethernet. Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-OLT ukuguqula, ukubiyela, nokudlulisa amasignali enethiwekhi ye-PON nokuxhumanisa ama-terminals enethiwekhi ye-optical multiplexing okudluliselwa okwabiwe phezulu. Ngokuvamile, imishini ye-OLT iqukethe i-rack, i-CSM (Control and Switch Module), i-ELM (EPON Link Module, ikhadi le-PON), ukuvikelwa kokuphindaphindeka - amamojula kagesi we-48V DC, noma imojula eyodwa ye-110/220V AC power supply, kanye nabalandeli. Kulezi zingxenye, ikhadi le-PON kanye nokunikezwa kwamandla kusekela ukushintshashintsha okushisayo ngenkathi enye imojula yakhiwe ngaphakathi. I-OLT inezikhombisi ezimbili zokuntanta: phezulu (ukuthola ukusabalalisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zedatha kanye nethrafikhi yezwi evela kubasebenzisi) kanye naphansi (ukuthola idatha, ithrafikhi yezwi, kanye nevidiyo kusuka kunethiwekhi ye-metro noma kunethiwekhi ye-long-haul nokuyithumela kuwo wonke amamojula e-ONT ku-ODN.) Ibanga eliphakeme elisekelwayo lokudlulisa kulo lonke i-ODN lingu-20 km.
Iyunithi Yenethiwekhi Ebonakalayo (i-ONU) / Itheminali Yenethiwekhi Ebonakalayo (i-ONT)
I-ONU iguqula izimpawu zokukhanya ezithunyelwa ngemicu zibe izimpawu zikagesi. Lezi zimpawu zikagesi zibe sezithunyelwa kubabhalisile ngabanye. Ngokuvamile, kukhona ibanga noma enye inethiwekhi yokufinyelela phakathi kwe-ONU nendawo yomsebenzisi wokugcina. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ONU ingathumela, ihlanganise, futhi ilungise izinhlobo ezahlukene zedatha ezivela kumakhasimende bese iyithumela phezulu ku-OLT. Ukulungisa kuyinqubo elungiselela futhi ihlele kabusha ukusakazwa kwedatha ukuze ilethwe kahle kakhulu. I-OLT isekela ukwabiwa kwe-bandwidth okuvumela ukwenza ukulethwa kwedatha kube lula ku-OLT, okuvame ukufika ngokuqhuma okuvela kumakhasimende. I-ONU ingaxhunywa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene nezinhlobo zekhebula, njengocingo lwethusi olujijekile, ikhebula le-coaxial, i-fiber ye-optical, noma nge-Wi-Fi.
Amadivayisi abasebenzisi bokugcina angabizwa nangokuthi i-optical network terminal (i-ONT). Empeleni, i-ONT ifana ne-ONU empeleni. I-ONT iyigama le-ITU-T, kanti i-ONU iyigama le-IEEE. Njengoba iyingxenye yemizimba ehlukene ejwayelekile, zombili zibhekisela emishinini eseceleni komsebenzisi ohlelweni lwe-GEPON. Kodwa empeleni, kunomehluko omncane phakathi kwe-ONT ne-ONU ngokuya ngendawo yazo.
Inethiwekhi Yokusabalalisa Okubonakalayo (i-ODN)
I-ODN, ingxenye ebalulekile yesistimu ye-PON, ihlinzeka nge-optical transmission medium yokuxhumana ngokomzimba kwama-ONU kuma-OLT ngamakhilomitha angama-20 noma ngaphezulu. Ngaphakathi kwe-ODN, izintambo ze-fiber optic, izixhumi ze-fiber optic, izihlukanisi ze-passive optical, kanye nezingxenye ezisizayo ziyasebenzisana. I-ODN inezingxenye ezinhlanu ngokukhethekile okuyi-feeder fiber, indawo yokusabalalisa i-optical, i-distribution fiber, indawo yokufinyelela i-optical, kanye ne-drop fiber. I-feeder fiber iqala kusukela kufreyimu yokusabalalisa i-optical (ODF) egumbini lezokuxhumana lehhovisi eliphakathi futhi iphela endaweni yokusabalalisa i-optical ukuze imbozwe ibanga elide. I-distribution fiber kusukela endaweni yokusabalalisa i-optical kuya endaweni yokufinyelela i-optical isabalalisa i-optical fibers yezindawo eziseduze nayo. I-drop fiber ixhuma indawo yokufinyelela i-optical kuma-terminals (ONTs), ifinyelela i-optical fiber drop emakhaya abasebenzisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ODN yiyona ndlela ebalulekile ekudlulisweni kwedatha ye-PON futhi ikhwalithi yayo ithinta ngqo ukusebenza, ukuthembeka, kanye nokukhula kohlelo lwe-PON.
Isiphetho
I-OLT, i-ONU noma i-ONT, kanye ne-ODN yizingxenye eziyinhloko ohlelweni lwe-GEPON, ezisetshenziswe kabanzi ezinhlelweni ze-FTTH kuze kube manje. Ingqalasizinda yezintambo encishisiwe (akukho zinto ezisebenzayo) kanye nokudluliselwa kwemidiya okuguquguqukayo kunegalelo ekutheni amanethiwekhi e-optical angasebenzi abe ngcono kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ze-inthanethi zasekhaya, izwi, kanye nevidiyo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanethiwekhi e-optical angasebenzi angasetshenziswa futhi emakhampasi asekolishi nasezindaweni zebhizinisi, okuhlinzeka ngezixazululo ezingabizi kakhulu. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe be-PON buqhubeka nokuthuthuka, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingaba khona nazo ziye zanda.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-14-2022